The U.S. Dept. of Justice officially charged Guidant Corp. with criminal violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act after a four-year investigation into whether the Boston Scientific Corp. (NYSE:BSX) subsidiary deliberately concealed safety problems with its implantable defibrillators.
The charges, filed in the U.S. District Court for Minnesota in St. Paul, came as part of a pre-arranged deal with Guidant officials to resolve the case. A formal guilty plea is expected to be filed with the court at a later dater, according to a the Justice Dept.
In November 2009, Boston Scientific announced that it wouldpay nearly $300 million to settle the case on behalf of Guidant, even though the alleged infractions occurred prior to its $26 billion acquisition of the Indianapolis-based company.
In February 2002, Guidant discovered a design flaw in one of its implantable cardiac defibrillators, the Ventak Prizm 2 DR, after receiving reports of device failures. By April 2002, according to court documents, it had fixed the flaws and begun producing a corrected version of the device — but didn’t recall the defective products.
“Instead, it continued selling its inventory of defective units without disclosing either to physicians or the public the design flaw or malfunctions that had led to device failures,” wrote Judge Diane Wood of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, adding that Guidant never mentioned the defects in subsequent press releases and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In 2004, the company began talks with Johnson & Johnson (NYSE:JNJ) for a possible merger. On Dec. 1 of that year Guidant put out a press release touting “highly positive news” about the potential for growth for its ICD and pacemaker businesses. Shares of Guidant rose nearly 8 percent in the week following the announcement, from about $65 per share to $70.
Two weeks later the J&J merger was revealed and Guidant’s stock again surged, eventually reaching $75 per share. But neither release mentioned the problems with the Ventak Prizm 2 DR; merger filings with the SEC were also silent about the defects.
Then, on March 13, 2005, 21-year-old Joshua Oukrop’s Ventak Prizm 2 DR short-circuited, killing him. Guidant told his doctor of the problems with the device, disclosed that it knew of 25 other such cases and told the physician that about 24,000 ICDs similar to Oukrop’s had been sold. When the doctor asked Guidant whether the other recipients would be told, the company said no, it did not want to “alarm” anyone, according to court documents.
The company kept its word in subsequent SEC filings and press releases, never mentioning the defect or Oukrop’s death. In fact, Guidant’s first public acknowledgment of the problem came in a letter to physicians issued about a month after its shareholders approved the JNJ deal, and then only because of an impending New York Times article that was to reveal the device’s flaws.
The Food & Drug Administration issued a national recall for the devices June 17, 2005; Guidant issued a physician communication and a press release on the same day, disclosing 15 reports of failure of the Contak Renewal and Contak Renewal 2 defibrillators, out of approximately 16,000 implanted worldwide, and two memory error incidents among its four models of AVT defibrillators, out of about 21,000 implanted worldwide.
“The government charges that Guidant committed serious crimes by undermining the FDA’s role to guard the American public against potentially dangerous medical devices,” said assistant attorney general Tony West in a prepared statement Feb. 25. “Our message is clear: We will vigorously prosecute individuals and organizations who put profit over public health and safety by violating the law.”
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