Muhammad Yousaf, a York University chemistry professor, and his graduate student team stuck three types of cardiac cells together to get a 3D heart tissue that beats as one heart.
The scaffold-free tissue contains three cell types that are found in the heart: contractile cardiac muscle cells, connective tissue cells and vascular cells. Most other 2D and 3D tissues do not beat harmoniously and need scaffolding for cells to attach and grow on.
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